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Updated: Sep 16, 2026

Force System with Vertical V-Bends: A 3D In Vitro Assessment of Elastic and Rigid Rectangular Archwires
Published on: July 24, 2018
[Orthopedics in orthodontics: fiction or reality? Literature review]
1Kliniek voor Tand-, Mond- en Kaakziekten Dienst Orthodontie, Universiteit Gent, Universitair Ziekenhuis.
Abstract:
The purpose of this literature review is to investigate the orthopedic effect of functional appliances as activators. Herbst appliances and extraoral traction appliances. The matter on correction of skeletal Class II discrepancies in growing children remains controversial despite extensive research. However most authors agree on the fact that major contributions derive from dento-alveolar changes rather than from skeletal ones. Nevertheless, the authors of this review want to emphasize that the discussed Class II orthopedic appliances have an important value in clinical orthodontics. Due to scientific evidence, their orthopedic effect however, must be questioned so far.
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