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[Tuberculosis associated with HIV infection]

J C Vázquez García1, E Sada Díaz, E Rivera Martínez

  • 1Departamento de Neumología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, INER, México, D.F.

Revista De Investigacion Clinica; Organo Del Hospital De Enfermedades De La Nutricion
|November 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Tuberculosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection often presents atypically, with extrapulmonary spread being common. These clinical features align with global observations for tuberculosis and HIV co-infection.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health
  • Immunology

Context:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection represent significant global health challenges.
  • The co-occurrence of TB and HIV often leads to atypical clinical and radiological presentations of TB.
  • Extrapulmonary dissemination is a frequent complication of TB in individuals with HIV.

Purpose:

  • To review the clinical characteristics of tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection.
  • To analyze the presentation, dissemination, and treatment outcomes of tuberculosis in a cohort of HIV-infected patients.
  • To compare the findings with previously reported patterns of TB/HIV co-infection.

Summary:

  • A review of 19 patients with confirmed tuberculosis and HIV infection revealed that respiratory symptoms and fever were the initial manifestations in most cases.

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  • Typical cavitary lesions were rare; instead, non-cavitary pulmonary opacities and extrapulmonary TB were common.
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis was identified in most cases, with limited successful treatment completion and high mortality or loss to follow-up.

    • Impact:

    • Highlights the importance of recognizing atypical presentations of tuberculosis in HIV-infected individuals.
    • Underscores the challenges in managing TB/HIV co-infection, including treatment adherence and patient outcomes.
    • Provides data supporting the similarity of TB clinical features in HIV patients across different geographical regions.