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Polyamines alter intestinal glucose transport

L R Johnson1, P D Brockway, K Madsen

  • 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Memphis 38163.

The American Journal of Physiology
|March 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Polyamines regulate intestinal glucose absorption in mature enterocytes. Enhancing polyamine levels, particularly spermine, significantly boosts glucose transport by altering the maximal transport rate.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Polyamines are essential for eukaryotic cell growth.
  • Enterocytes, mature nonproliferating cells, increase polyamine synthesis in response to nutrients.
  • The function of polyamines in enterocytes remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of polyamines in intestinal glucose transport.
  • To determine how polyamines affect the function and stability of enterocyte membranes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized rabbit brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV) to study glucose transport.
  • Administered alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) to inhibit polyamine synthesis.
  • Supplemented DFMO-treated rabbits with specific polyamines (spermine, spermidine, putrescine) orally.

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Main Results:

  • DFMO treatment significantly decreased glucose transport (Jmax) in BBMV.
  • Oral administration of spermine, spermidine, or putrescine to DFMO-treated rabbits restored glucose transport.
  • In vivo spermine administration increased Jmax by 64%, independent of protein synthesis.
  • Polyamines (in vivo or in vitro) decreased the Michaelis constant for glucose transport.

Conclusions:

  • Polyamines play a crucial role in regulating intestinal glucose absorption in enterocytes.
  • Spermine, in particular, enhances glucose transport capacity.
  • Polyamines modulate glucose transport kinetics without altering membrane lipid composition or fluidity.