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Nephrolithiasis in pregnancy
P Maikranz1, M Lindheimer, F Coe
1Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46219.
Bailliere'S Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology
|June 1, 1994
Summary
Kidney stones in pregnancy are uncommon but can cause complications. Most cases resolve with conservative treatment, but interventions are possible if necessary.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Nephrology
- Urology
Background:
- Pregnancy involves anatomical and physiological changes that can increase kidney stone risk.
- Kidney stones during pregnancy (nephrolithiasis) are infrequent but challenging to diagnose.
- Stones are more common in later gestation, multiparous women, and affect both sides equally.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the diagnosis and management of kidney stones in pregnant patients.
- To highlight potential complications and safe treatment options during gestation.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on nephrolithiasis in pregnancy.
- Analysis of diagnostic imaging modalities, focusing on ultrasonography.
- Evaluation of conservative and interventional management strategies.
Main Results:
- Ultrasonography is the primary diagnostic tool; excretory urography is reserved for complex cases.
- Conservative management (rest, hydration, analgesia) facilitates spontaneous stone passage in most cases.
- Surgical interventions like cystoscopy can be performed safely when essential.
Conclusions:
- Nephrolithiasis in pregnancy requires careful diagnosis and management.
- Conservative measures are effective for most stones; interventions are feasible if needed.
- Pregnancy-induced physiological changes may offer some protection against stone formation.