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Related Experiment Videos

Octopamine release at two points along lobster nerve trunks

P D Evans, E A Kravitz, B R Talamo

    The Journal of Physiology
    |October 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary

    Lobster thoracic root neurons are neurosecretory cells that release octopamine. These neurons release octopamine near cell bodies and at pericardial organs, indicating dual release sites for this important neurotransmitter.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Marine Biology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Nerve cells in lobster thoracic roots exhibit unique morphological features.
    • Previous studies have hinted at neurosecretory functions in these neurons.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the neurosecretory nature of lobster thoracic root neurons.
    • To identify the neurotransmitter released and its release sites.

    Main Methods:

    • Procion Yellow dye injection and electron microscopy to visualize nerve cell morphology.
    • Isotopic labeling with [3H]tyramine or [3H]-tyrosine to trace octopamine synthesis and release.
    • Potassium-induced release experiments to study neurotransmitter efflux.
    • Antidromic activation to map neuronal pathways.

    Main Results:

    • Morphological studies revealed varicosities containing dense-cored granules, characteristic of neurosecretory endings, near cell bodies.
    • Octopamine pools in thoracic roots were successfully labeled and released upon potassium stimulation.
    • Calcium-dependent, selective release of octopamine was observed from both cell body regions and pericardial organs.
    • Physiological studies suggested distal endings of some root neurons are located at pericardial organs.

    Conclusions:

    • Lobster thoracic root neurons are neurosecretory cells.
    • These neurons release octopamine at two distinct locations: near the cell bodies and at the pericardial organs.
    • The findings provide insights into the neurosecretory mechanisms and neurotransmitter release in crustaceans.

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