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Preemployment physical evaluation

A S Jackson1

  • 1Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Texas.

Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Preemployment tests for physically demanding jobs may screen out more women due to physiological differences. Establishing test validity is crucial to ensure job-relatedness and avoid discriminatory hiring lawsuits.

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational health and safety
  • Human resources management
  • Ergonomics

Background:

  • Increasing number of women entering physically demanding occupations.
  • Preemployment tests are used to enhance productivity, reduce litigation risk, and minimize injuries.
  • Federal employment law prohibits discrimination based on protected characteristics, including sex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the trend of using preemployment tests for physically demanding jobs.
  • To discuss the legal implications and validity requirements of these tests.
  • To highlight the importance of job-relatedness in preemployment selection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on preemployment testing in physically demanding occupations.
  • Analysis of legal precedents regarding employment discrimination and test validity.

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  • Discussion of validation methodologies: criterion-related, content, and construct studies.

    • Main Results:

    • Preemployment tests can disproportionately screen out females due to physiological differences (e.g., strength, VO2max).
    • Legal challenges often arise from failure to demonstrate that tests measure important job behaviors.
    • Height and weight requirements have frequently been ruled illegal due to lack of job-relatedness.

    Conclusions:

    • Establishing the validity of preemployment tests, particularly fitness components, is essential for legal compliance.
    • Cut scores should be based on job-specific physical demands (e.g., VO2max, strength).
    • More published validation studies are needed, as many remain in technical reports.