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Trabecular bone exhibits fully linear elastic behavior and yields at low strains
T M Keaveny1, X E Guo, E F Wachtel
1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Charles A. Dana Research Institute, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, MA.
Journal of Biomechanics
|September 1, 1994
Summary
This study reveals that the initial nonlinear behavior in trabecular bone mechanical tests is an artifact. Preconditioning affects elastic moduli, suggesting microstructural damage during yielding in bone.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Materials Science
- Orthopedic Research
Background:
- Conventional mechanical testing of trabecular bone may introduce artifacts.
- Accurate characterization of elastic and yield behaviors is crucial for understanding bone mechanics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To accurately describe the elastic and yield behaviors of bovine tibial trabecular bone.
- To investigate the impact of preconditioning on mechanical properties.
- To identify experimental artifacts in trabecular bone testing.
Main Methods:
- In vitro mechanical testing of reduced-section cylindrical bovine tibial trabecular bone specimens.
- Specimens were preconditioned with tension-compression cycles (+/- 0.5% strain).
- Loaded to failure in tension (n=15) or compression (n=14).
Main Results:
- Pre-yield behavior was fully linear, indicating the nonlinear 'toe' is an artifact.
- Preconditioning significantly decreased tensile (8.8%) and compressive (5.3%) moduli.
- Tensile strength was approximately 70% of compressive strength.
- Yield strain is less than 0.5%.
Conclusions:
- The initial nonlinear 'toe' region in trabecular bone testing is an artifact.
- Preconditioning induces microstructural damage, affecting elastic moduli and strength.
- Trabecular and cortical bone exhibit more similarities in elastic and yield behavior than previously assumed.