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Th2 cell clonal anergy as a consequence of partial activation

J Sloan-Lancaster1, B D Evavold, P M Allen

  • 1Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110.

The Journal of Experimental Medicine
|October 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

This study shows that T helper 2 (Th2) cells can become anergic, meaning they lose the ability to proliferate after partial activation. This anergy prevents immune response amplification by blocking clonal expansion.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular immunology
  • T cell activation

Background:

  • T helper 1 (Th1) cells are known to undergo clonal anergy.
  • The mechanisms of anergy induction in T helper 2 (Th2) cells are less understood.
  • Understanding T cell anergy is crucial for controlling immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the induction of clonal anergy in Th2 cells.
  • To compare Th2 anergy with previously described Th1 anergy.
  • To identify factors influencing Th2 anergy.

Main Methods:

  • Partial T cell activation using immunogenic peptides and fixed antigen-presenting cells (APCs).
  • Partial T cell activation using altered peptide ligands and live APCs.
  • Assessment of T cell proliferation and cytokine production upon restimulation.

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Main Results:

  • Partial activation induced a profound inability of Th2 cells to proliferate upon restimulation, similar to Th1 cells.
  • The anergic state was long-lasting and primarily affected proliferation, not cytokine production.
  • Th2 anergy induction was inhibited by cyclosporine A but not by costimulation or growth factors.

Conclusions:

  • Th1 and Th2 cells exhibit similar anergy mechanisms, primarily preventing clonal expansion.
  • Anergy serves as a fundamental control mechanism to block immune response amplification.
  • These findings unify the understanding of anergy in different T helper cell subsets.