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Fetal esophagus: normal sonographic appearance

E F Avni1, F Rypens, J Milaire

  • 1Department of Radiology, Erasme Hospital, University Clinics of Brussels, Belgium.

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
|March 1, 1994
PubMed
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This study describes the sonographic appearance of the normal fetal esophagus, finding it typically appears as a tubular echogenic structure. Visualization rates vary by segment, but direct sonographic demonstration is possible and aids in excluding esophageal malformations.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Fetal Medicine
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • The fetal esophagus is rarely visualized sonographically.
  • Understanding its normal sonographic appearance is crucial for diagnosing congenital anomalies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the sonographic appearance of the normal fetal esophagus.
  • To determine the visualization rate of different fetal esophageal segments.
  • To identify patterns associated with gestational age.

Main Methods:

  • Sonographic examination of 155 consecutive pregnancies.
  • Describing the echogenic tubular appearance of the fetal esophagus.
  • Correlating visualization rates and observed patterns with gestational age.

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Main Results:

  • The fetal esophagus typically appears as a tubular echogenic structure, with two observed patterns: two parallel echogenic lines or a "multilayered pattern".
  • The thoracic segment was visualized in approximately 90% of cases.
  • Visualization rates for cervical and abdominal segments were lower (19% and 30%, respectively).
  • The multilayered pattern was observed more frequently after 26 weeks' gestation (87%) compared to earlier stages (49%).

Conclusions:

  • Direct sonographic demonstration of the fetal esophagus is feasible.
  • Sonographic visualization of the fetal esophagus can aid in the exclusion of esophageal malformations.
  • The described sonographic patterns and visualization rates provide a reference for fetal esophageal assessment.