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Smoking as a risk factor for sleep-disordered breathing

D W Wetter¹, T B Young, T R Bidwell

¹Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, University of Wisconsin, Madison.

Archives of Internal Medicine

|October 10, 1994

Summary

Current cigarette smoking significantly increases the risk of sleep-disordered breathing, especially for heavy smokers. Smoking cessation is recommended for prevention and treatment of this condition.

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Area of Science:

Sleep Medicine
Epidemiology
Pulmonology

Background:

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) affects a substantial portion of the population, with higher prevalence in men.
The public health impact of SDB is significant, necessitating identification of modifiable risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between current and former cigarette smoking and the risk of sleep-disordered breathing.
To quantify the risk of SDB associated with different levels of smoking intensity.

Main Methods:

Utilized data from 811 adults in the University of Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study.
Employed nocturnal polysomnography to diagnose and quantify SDB severity based on apnea-hypopnea index.
Applied logistic regression analyses to adjust for confounding variables.

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Main Results:

Current smokers exhibited a significantly higher risk of snoring (OR=2.29) and moderate-to-worse SDB (OR=4.44) compared to never smokers.
Heavy smokers (≥40 cigarettes/day) showed markedly elevated risks for mild SDB (OR=6.74) and moderate-to-worse SDB (OR=40.47).
Former smoking status was not associated with increased SDB risk after controlling for confounders.

Conclusions:

Current cigarette smoking is a significant risk factor for developing sleep-disordered breathing.
Smoking cessation is a crucial strategy for the prevention and management of SDB.
The risk of SDB increases with smoking intensity, highlighting the importance of quitting for all smokers.