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Issues in defining mental retardation

S Reiss1

  • 1Ohio State University.

American Journal of Mental Retardation : AJMR
|July 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The American Association on Mental Retardation (AAMR) definition shift focuses on a support model, not changing eligibility criteria for mental retardation. This clarification addresses criticisms regarding IQ limits and psychometric interpretations.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Special Education
  • Disability Studies

Background:

  • The American Association on Mental Retardation (AAMR) revised its definition of mental retardation.
  • Criticisms were raised by MacMillan, Gresham, and Siperstein (1993) regarding the new definition.
  • These criticisms centered on perceived changes to IQ limits and eligibility criteria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address and refute criticisms of the new AAMR definition of mental retardation.
  • To clarify the intent behind the revised AAMR definition, emphasizing a shift in conceptual model.
  • To correct misinterpretations of the AAMR definitions and psychometric principles.

Main Methods:

  • Direct response to published criticisms.
  • Analysis of the 1983 and 1992 AAMR definitions.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Explanation of psychometric science principles related to intelligence testing and cultural bias.

    • Main Results:

    • The new AAMR definition does not alter IQ cutoffs or the number of individuals identified with mental retardation.
    • The primary change is a conceptual shift from a deficiency model to a support model.
    • Criticisms were based on misstatements of definitions and misunderstandings of intelligence testing, including cultural bias.

    Conclusions:

    • The revised AAMR definition aims to change the understanding of mental retardation, not diagnostic eligibility.
    • Flexibility in interpreting intelligence tests is supported, not contradicted, by concerns about cultural bias.
    • The criticisms fail to accurately represent the AAMR's definitions and the nuances of psychometric assessment.