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[Basic principles of MR angiography. An introduction]
1Siemens AG, Erlangen.
Abstract:
Contrast MR imaging is based on the physical properties of biological tissues, such as relaxation times T1 and T2 and proton density. On particular, however, the motion of protons will affect image quality in MRI, resulting in severe image artifacts. There are two types of flow phenomens, referred to as time-of-flight (TOF) and phase effects. In the past several techniques have been developed in order to eliminate or compensate for any artifacts related to the flow effects. On the other hand, it is also possible to make use of flow effects for the purpose of flow visualization. These techniques are commonly referred to as MR angiography. Depending on the flow effect used, there are two types of MR angiography techniques currently available: TOF and phase contrast MR angiography. Each of the techniques makes use of one effect and suppresses the other one as much as possible. The purpose of this paper is to review the underlying physical principles of MR angiography and to show the clinical applications for it.
Insights
Magnetic Resonance (MR) angiography utilizes proton motion for flow visualization, overcoming artifacts caused by proton movement in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). This review covers MR angiography principles and clinical uses.
Area of Science:
- Physics
- Medical Imaging
Context:
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) relies on tissue properties like T1 and T2 relaxation times and proton density.
- Proton motion significantly impacts MRI image quality, causing artifacts.
Purpose:
- To review the physical principles of MR angiography.
- To demonstrate clinical applications of MR angiography.
Summary:
- MR angiography leverages proton motion, specifically time-of-flight (TOF) and phase effects, for flow visualization.
- Two main techniques, TOF and phase contrast MR angiography, utilize distinct flow effects while suppressing others.
- These methods are crucial for compensating for flow-related artifacts in MRI.
Impact:
- Enhances understanding of MR angiography techniques.
- Highlights the clinical utility of MR angiography in medical imaging.