The 'match/mismatch' model of fear: empirical status and clinical implications

This paper reviews empirical evidence for the 'match/mismatch' model of fear and defines what is currently known about the prediction of fear. It also outlines several gaps in the literature on this topic and problems with the methodology used to study this phenomenon. Some of these gaps are filled by studies on the prediction of pain and where relevant these are discussed. Important areas for future research are identified, the clinical implications of the model are outlined and specific suggestions for treatment are made.