Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma presenting primarily in bone in a patient with AIDS

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Hematology
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are significant, often fatal complications in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
• These lymphomas are predominantly high-grade B-cell subtypes, including immunoblastic and small cell non-cleaved types.
• While T-cell lymphomas are less common in HIV, sporadic reports of CD30-positive cases involving lymph nodes and skin exist.

Observation:

• This report details a case of an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patient.
• The patient presented with a T-cell anaplastic large-cell lymphoma.
• The lymphoma was CD30-positive and manifested with bone involvement.

Findings:

• The diagnosed lymphoma was a CD30-positive T-cell anaplastic large-cell lymphoma.
• Unlike typical AIDS-associated lymphomas, this case presented primarily in bone.
• The presentation suggests a sporadic occurrence rather than a typical manifestation within the spectrum of HIV-associated diseases.

Implications:

• This case expands the understanding of lymphoma presentations in immunocompromised individuals.
• It underscores the importance of considering diverse lymphoma subtypes and locations in HIV-infected patients.
• Further research may elucidate the specific mechanisms underlying rare T-cell lymphoma presentations in the context of AIDS.