[Drug effects on the lower urinary tract to improve bladder emptying]

Literature data about the pharmacologic effect exerted on the lower urinary pathways in various pathologic conditions are discussed with a special reference to the existing knowledge of neuroanatomy of the urinary bladder and proximal urethra. Specific drugs and dosage schemes, contributing to improve the act of miction following diverse operative interventions, leading to retention phenomena, as well as in conditions of the so-called "unstable detrusor", are recommended. The likelihood of a positive effect being exerted in various spastic conditions of the external sphincter urethrae muscle, due to neurologic diseases, is also assayed.