[Research in psychotherapy]

Psychotherapy is an empirical discipline and is therefore open to exact investigations which is one of the prerequisites of its further development. The beginnings of exact research are associated with the names of H. J. Eysenck and C. R. Rogers. The contemporary research based frequently on the generic model of psychotherapy whose authors are D. E. Orlinsky and K. J. Howard is concerned in particular with the effectiveness of psychotherapy; it compares the action of different procedures, deals with differentiated indications and "mechanisms" inducing changes. The most frequent research strategies are an experimental approach, comparative (correlating) research and intensive research strategy. The most important source of information on research are meta-analyses which make it possible to summarize and compare an unlimited amount of mutually independent investigations. The hitherto most extensive meta-analytic processing of research projects was implemented in the Institute of Psychology of Bern University headed by K. Graw. It was revealed among others that psychotherapy exerts a very differentiated action and that in neurotic patients and patients with personality disorders cognitive behavioural psychotherapy, Rogers psychotherapy and psychoanalytic psychotherapy, cca 100 sessions, proves definitely effective. Close to the criterium of objectively effective psychotherapy is also shape psychotherapy and systematically oriented family therapy. In the Czech Republic research is conducted on a small scale but the work is demanding as regards methods and is of a high standard. Exact research of the psychotherapeutic process and therapeutic results contributes to the gradual shaping of a psychotherapeutic model which is internally differentiated and which integrates verified findings of various psychotherapeutic schools and trends.