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MR imaging instrumentation and image artifacts

J A Patton1

  • 1Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-2675.

Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc
|September 1, 1994
PubMed
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Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging utilizes four magnet types, with superconducting magnets offering higher field strength for faster imaging. Advanced techniques like shim coils and shielding minimize distortions and interference for improved image quality.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Physics
  • Engineering

Background:

  • Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging systems employ diverse magnet technologies, including permanent, resistive, hybrid, and superconducting magnets.
  • Low-field systems (0.2-0.6 T) offer cost benefits and fewer siting restrictions, while high-field superconducting systems (2.0 T) enable faster data acquisition.
  • Image quality in MR imaging is influenced by magnetic field uniformity, susceptibility effects, and chemical shift.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the fundamental magnet types used in current magnetic resonance imaging systems.
  • To discuss the trade-offs between low-field and high-field MR systems regarding performance, cost, and application.
  • To highlight techniques and challenges associated with optimizing magnetic field uniformity and mitigating image artifacts.

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Main Methods:

  • Review of existing magnetic resonance imaging system magnet technologies.
  • Analysis of factors affecting magnetic field uniformity, such as shim coils and gradient coils.
  • Discussion of shielding mechanisms and motion reduction techniques (gating) in MR imaging.

Main Results:

  • Four primary magnet types exist: permanent, resistive, hybrid, and superconducting, each with distinct field strengths and characteristics.
  • Superconducting magnets provide higher field strength (2.0 T) for rapid data acquisition, contrasting with lower-field systems (0.2-0.6 T).
  • Shim coils enhance field uniformity, but interactions with gradient coils and magnetic susceptibility can cause distortions; shielding and gating are crucial for artifact reduction.

Conclusions:

  • The choice of magnet technology in MR imaging involves balancing field strength, cost, and siting requirements.
  • Technological advancements in shim coils, gradient coil shielding, and motion compensation are essential for high-quality MR image acquisition.
  • Understanding these principles is key to optimizing MR imaging performance and interpreting results accurately.