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Upper aerodigestive tract cancers

C Muir1, L Weiland

  • 1Information and Statistics Division, Scottish Health Service, Edinburgh.

Cancer
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Upper aerodigestive tract cancers are a significant malignancy. Prevention is possible, as alcohol and tobacco use are major causes, highlighting the need for public health interventions.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Upper aerodigestive tract cancers represent approximately 4% of all malignancies.
  • These cancers encompass a range of sites including the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, nasal cavity, and salivary glands.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the incidence, demographics, and survival rates of upper aerodigestive tract cancers.
  • To identify trends and disparities in cancer diagnosis and outcomes over a 15-year period.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program (1973-1987).
  • Tabulated cancers by histologic type, sex, age, race, and quinquennial periods.
  • Examined frequencies, incidence rates, median age, stage at diagnosis, and survival statistics.

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Main Results:

  • These cancers accounted for 3.5% of all microscopically proven malignant neoplasms.
  • Epidermoid carcinomas were predominant (>95%), except in salivary glands, gums, nasopharynx, and nasal cavity.
  • A 2:1 male-to-female ratio was observed, with higher incidence in Black males compared to white males. Five-year relative survival was ~50%, with lip and larynx cancers having better prognoses. Survival rates did not significantly improve over the study period.

Conclusions:

  • Significant potential for prevention exists due to the strong association with alcohol and tobacco use.
  • Targeted public health strategies focusing on risk factor reduction are crucial for decreasing the burden of these cancers.