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[Insulin resistance in essential and nephrogenic hypertension]
1Ustav preventívnej a klinickej medicíny, Bratislava.
Insights
Hypertension and insulin resistance (IR) share risks for cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Mineral imbalances, particularly intracellular calcium and magnesium, may play a role in hypertension pathogenesis and IR.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Science
- Nephrology
- Endocrinology
Context:
- Hypertension is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis, glomerulosclerosis, and nephropathy progression.
- Insulin resistance (IR) exacerbates hypertension risks, impacting lipid profiles (increased VLDL, decreased HDL).
- Approximately half of patients with essential or nephrogenic hypertension exhibit concurrent IR.
Purpose:
- To investigate the role of intracellular mineral compartmentalization in hypertension and IR.
- To explore differences in intracellular free magnesium and calcium concentrations in various hypertension types.
Summary:
- Essential hypertension may involve altered intracellular calcium and magnesium compartmentalization, even with normal plasma levels.
- Nephrogenic hypertension does not show changes in intracellular free magnesium concentration.
- These mineral shifts are crucial for understanding hypertension and IR pathogenesis.
Impact:
- Highlights the significance of intracellular mineral balance in hypertension and IR.
- Provides a foundation for further research into therapeutic targets.
- Suggests potential diagnostic markers related to mineral dysregulation.
Abstract:
Hypertension is an important risk factor of atherosclerosis, glomerulosclerosis and progression of nephropathies and its risk is enhanced by concurrent insulin resistance (IR) which is encountered in essential as well as nephrogenic hypertension almost in half the patients and is an independent risk factor by increasing VLDL and lowering HDL cholesterol. The finding on the impact of a raised concentration of free intracellular Ca and reduced concentration of free intracellular Mg even without changes of the plasma Mg concentration in essential hypertension suggests changes in the compartmentalization of these minerals. In nephrogenic hypertension there are no changes in the intracellular free Mg concentration. These differences, however, do not reduce the importance of these minerals in the pathogenesis of hypertension and IR. They are the baseline for further research.