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[AIDS with apoplectic onset]

J Gam¹, L Korbo, J Andersen

¹Neuromedicinsk afdeling, Bispebjerg Hospital, København.

Ugeskrift for Laeger

|February 28, 1994

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Apoplectic onset of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) can mimic stroke. Cerebral toxoplasmosis was the likely cause in most reported cases, highlighting the need to consider AIDS in stroke differentials for young adults.

Area of Science:

Neurology
Infectious Diseases
Immunology

Background:

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is an advanced stage of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection.
Neurological complications are common in advanced HIV/AIDS.
Stroke-like presentations can occur in individuals with undiagnosed or advanced HIV infection.

Observation:

Four cases presented with an apoplectic (sudden, severe) onset suggestive of stroke.
Two patients were previously unaware of their HIV-positive status.
Cerebral toxoplasmosis was identified as the probable underlying cause in three of the four cases.

Findings:

The study reports on four patients experiencing sudden, stroke-like neurological events.
HIV status was unknown in half of the cases prior to the event.

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Cerebral toxoplasmosis is implicated as a primary cause in the majority of these AIDS-defining neurological events.

Implications:

Clinicians should include AIDS in the differential diagnosis for patients presenting with stroke-like symptoms, especially young adults.
Early consideration of HIV infection can lead to timely diagnosis and treatment of opportunistic infections like cerebral toxoplasmosis.
Recognizing neurological emergencies as potential indicators of advanced HIV disease is crucial for patient management.