Three-dimensional coronary arteriography

In this paper we present a new imaging technique for three-dimensional (3-D) X-ray coronary arteriography. The goal is to provide in near to real-time a 3-D representation of the coronary arterial tree, helpful to better understand its topology and locate the possible lesions. The 3-D reconstruction of the coronary arteries is obtained from a set of X-ray conic projections acquired during a rotation of the imaging chain around the patient. Images are taken before and after injection of contrast agent. A subset of mask and opacified images is selected, corresponding to the same phase in the cardiac cycle. These images are subtracted and corrected for geometric distortion. The reconstruction is performed by using a two-step non-parametric detection/estimation method. Due to heart motion and propagation of the contrast agent, the number of available projections is very small. Typically 4 or 6 projections are available if the opacification is stable during 2 or 3 cardiac cycles and when using a biplane acquisition system. High resolution 512(3) reconstructions of the coronary arteries from a cadaver heart are presented, with a voxel size of 0.4 mm. The 3-D reconstruction provides a good 3-D representation of the global structure, even with a number of projections as small as 4.