[Hypertension in pregnancy--dietary aspects]

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Nutritional Science
• Cardiovascular Health

Background:

• Dietary recommendations for hypertension in pregnancy lack consensus.
• Existing evidence is limited, necessitating derivation from physiological principles.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and synthesize current evidence on dietary interventions for pregnancy-induced hypertension.
• To provide evidence-based recommendations for nutritional management.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on physiological and pathophysiological aspects of hypertension in pregnancy.
• Analysis of studies on protein, caloric, sodium, and fluid intake.
• Evaluation of evidence for mineral and vitamin supplementation.

Main Results:

• A normal protein intake (70-80g) is recommended; restriction is only advised for concurrent chronic renal insufficiency.
• Caloric restriction's value is uncertain, but increased body fat is discouraged.
• Neither sodium nor fluid restriction/supplementation is generally recommended, except for specific electrolyte imbalances.
• Potassium, magnesium, linoleic acid, and water-soluble vitamin supplementation efficacy is unverified.
• Calcium supplementation requires further investigation.

Conclusions:

• Dietary management of hypertension in pregnancy requires a balanced approach, prioritizing adequate protein and avoiding excessive weight gain.
• Further research is crucial to clarify the roles of specific nutrients and supplements in managing this condition.