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Related Experiment Videos

Cleavage in conical sand dollar eggs

R Rappaport1, B N Rappaport

  • 1Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salsbury Cove, Maine 04672.

Developmental Biology
|July 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Cell shape influences how cells divide. In conical sand dollar eggs, the mitotic apparatus can induce cleavage furrows that deviate from the typical plane, confirming models of contractile ring induction.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Cellular division involves the formation of cleavage furrows, typically equidistant from spindle poles.
  • Previous studies suggested a need for specific subsurface configurations for furrowing.
  • The influence of surface geometry on furrow positioning and orientation remained unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how altered cell geometry affects cleavage furrow formation.
  • To systematically analyze the impact of surface-induced asymmetry on the mitotic apparatus and furrow positioning.
  • To test predictions of the Harris and Gewalt model under non-symmetrical conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Reshaping sand dollar eggs into conical forms to alter cell symmetry.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Orienting the mitotic apparatus (spindle and asters) relative to the conical axis.
  • Observing and analyzing the position and orientation of induced cleavage furrows and contractile bands.

    • Main Results:

    • When the mitotic axis aligned with the cone axis, the furrow formed closer to the egg's vertex.
    • A mitotic apparatus perpendicular to the cone axis induced a furrow advancing towards the vertex and a second band isolating the vertex.
    • Furrow formation was not confined to the metaphase plate or midpoint between asters, adapting to surface contours.

    Conclusions:

    • Cell surface geometry significantly influences cleavage furrow placement and orientation.
    • The mitotic apparatus can induce contractile bands in non-standard positions based on surface topography.
    • Experimental results support the Harris and Gewalt model of contractile ring induction in asymmetric cellular environments.