Psychiatric and behavioural manifestations of normal-pressure hydrocephalus

Seven patients with psychiatric and behavioural manifestations of normal-pressure hydrocephalus are described. There is little disagreement about the classical triad of symptoms. However, it requires a high index of suspicion when a patient presents with non-specific psychiatric and behavioural symptoms. Clinicians must be alert to the possibility when positive findings point to the diagnosis of normal-pressure hydrocephalus, namely gait disturbance, incontinence, soft neurological signs, history of hypertension and no previous psychiatric history.