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Related Experiment Videos

Dapsone intoxication: two case reports

D G Hansen1, K R Challoner, D E Smith

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles.

The Journal of Emergency Medicine
|May 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Dapsone intoxication can cause dangerous methemoglobinemia and hemolysis. Early treatment with intravenous methylene blue and oral activated charcoal is crucial for recovery.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Dapsone is a medication used to treat leprosy and certain skin conditions.
  • Dapsone intoxication can lead to severe adverse effects, including methemoglobinemia and hemolysis.

Observation:

  • Two patients, an adult and a child, presented with symptomatic methemoglobinemia after dapsone intoxication.
  • Both patients initially improved with intravenous methylene blue but experienced a recurrence of elevated methemoglobin levels.
  • Hemolysis was also observed, indicated by a drop in hemoglobin and an increase in reticulocyte count.

Findings:

  • Recurrent methemoglobinemia was attributed to continued gastrointestinal absorption of dapsone or its metabolites.
  • Serial oral activated charcoal administration was initiated for both patients, with the child receiving a second dose of methylene blue.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Literature review of 20 dapsone overdose cases confirmed methemoglobinemia and hemolysis as primary toxicities.

    • Implications:

    • Intravenous methylene blue is indicated for symptomatic methemoglobinemia in dapsone intoxication.
    • Gastric decontamination and early administration of serial oral activated charcoal are essential components of management.
    • While hemolysis is typically mild, transfusions may be necessary for patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.