Alpha- and beta-adrenergic mechanisms in the control of vascular capacitance by the carotid sinus baroreflex system

We examined the active and passive contributions of the alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor mechanisms to the changes in systemic vascular capacitance caused by the carotid sinus baroreflex system in anesthetized, vagotomized dogs. The carotid sinuses were isolated from the systemic circulation and perfused with controlled pressures. To determine the changes in vascular capacitance, a constant flow, constant venous pressure cardiopulmonary bypass was used. The changes in unstressed vascular volume were calculated when carotid sinus pressure was reduced from 200 to 50 mmHg without any adrenergic receptor antagonist, with either an alpha- (phentolamine) or a beta- (propranolol) antagonist and then with both. The reflex change in unstressed vascular volume in the systemic circulation (22.6 +/- 9.0 ml/kg without any antagonist) was reduced by 72% with phentolamine, by 35% with propranolol, and by 73% with both antagonists. Our results suggest that the alpha-adrenergic mechanisms contribute significantly to active changes in systemic venous capacity. In addition, the beta-adrenergic system has very little effect on active changes in venous vessels but does contribute to the overall capacity changes by dilating the hepatic outflow resistance when the carotid sinus baroreflex system is activated.