[Non-neoplastic changes in the salivary glands]

Area of Science:

• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
• Pathology
• Otolaryngology

Background:

• Non-neoplastic salivary gland disorders encompass a range of conditions affecting salivary function and structure.
• These disorders include malformations, cysts, sialadenosis, sialolithiasis, sialadenitis, HIV-associated salivary gland disease, oncocytosis, and necrotizing sialometaplasia.
• Accurate classification and diagnosis are crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of non-neoplastic salivary gland disorders.
• To discuss the classification, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic strategies for these conditions.
• To differentiate between similar conditions like sialadenosis and sialadenitis.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and synthesis of existing knowledge on non-neoplastic salivary gland diseases.
• Discussion of etiological classification for sialadenitis.
• Comparison of clinical, radiological, and morphological features for differential diagnosis.

Main Results:

• Non-neoplastic cysts constitute approximately 6% of salivary gland diseases, with mucoceles being the most common (75%).
• HIV-associated salivary gland disease involves lymphoepithelial lesions, cysts, and Sjögren's syndrome-like conditions.
• Sialadenosis can be distinguished from sialadenitis through specific clinical, radiological, and morphological findings.

Conclusions:

• A systematic approach to classifying and diagnosing non-neoplastic salivary gland disorders is essential.
• Understanding the distinct characteristics of each condition aids in differential diagnosis and treatment planning.
• This review provides a framework for managing diverse non-neoplastic salivary gland pathologies.