Case method and casuistry: the problem of bias

Area of Science:

• Ethics
• Philosophy of Science

Background:

• Case-based reasoning is a persuasive method for moral argumentation.
• However, its application is susceptible to various forms of bias.
• Bias can manifest in the description, framing, selection, and comparison of cases.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the inherent problems of bias in case-based reasoning.
• To question the foundational reliability of casuistry when biases are present.
• To explore the implications for claims of case-based reasoning's superiority.

Main Methods:

• Conceptual analysis of bias in reasoning processes.
• Examination of the role of general views in identifying relevant features.
• Comparison with scientific methods for bias mitigation (e.g., clinical trials).

Main Results:

• Bias can occur at all stages of case-based reasoning.
• Reliance on potentially biased general views compromises objectivity.
• The claim of case-based reasoning's primacy is challenged without bias mitigation.
• Bias is a recognized issue in other fields, like medical science.

Conclusions:

• Case-based reasoning requires rigorous methods to address bias for moral justification.
• The reliance on subjective general views undermines claims of casuistry's inherent reliability.
• Further research is needed to establish the foundational status of case-based moral reasoning.