[The use of hypertonic sodium chloride solutions in resuscitation, intensive therapy and disaster medicine]

The review of Russian and foreign literature published in 1939 to 1993 has demonstrated possible use of small doses of isotonic salt solution for prompt correction of hemodynamic parameters in severe traumas, massive blood loss, most severe stages of shock and critical conditions. The best effect can be achieved with the use of isotonic salt solutions in combination with hyperoncotic solutions (sodium chloride and low molecular weight dextran). The principal mechanism of action is attraction of the liquid from the interstitial spaces into the vascular bed, stimulation of vascular osmoreceptors and neurogenic reflex mechanisms. High efficacy, simplicity and acceptability of the technique make it possible to recommend it for the use at prehospital stage, immediately on the spot of the accident, during transportation and at hospital stage when there are numerous patients with severe traumas and shortage of infusion-transfusion media.