The effects of acceleration on the mechanical impedance response of a primate model exposed to sinusoidal vibration

Criteria for developing active and passive isolation mechanisms for reducing the effects of whole-body vibration exposure rely on a thorough understanding of the stiffness, damping, and resonance behaviors of the human or human surrogate body. Three Rhesus monkeys were exposed to seated whole-body sinusoidal vibration between 3 and 20 Hz at 0.69 and 3.47 msec-2 rms (0.1 and 0.5 g peak) accelerations. The mechanical impedance magnitude and phase were calculated as the ratio and phase relation between the transmitted force and input velocity, respectively, at the seat. The resultant profiles showed a significant decrease in the primary resonance frequency with increasing acceleration. At the lower acceleration level, a second lower impedance peak was observed at approximately 5 Hz. A three-mass, two degree-of-freedom model, which included upper torso and leg representation, was used to determine the mechanical parameters that best described the measured responses. The mean stiffness coefficients and the mean undamped natural frequencies associated with the upper torso and leg subsystems showed a significant decrease with increases in the acceleration level. The results of this study strongly suggested that nonlinear stiffness properties were responsible for the observed differences in the biodynamic response of the Rhesus monkey with acceleration level.