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Developmental patterns of laryngeal and respiratory function for speech production
R Netsell1, W K Lotz, J E Peters
1Department of Communication Disorders, Southwest Missouri State University, Springfield 65804.
Summary
Speech breathing mechanics change significantly from childhood to adulthood. Preschool children use more expiratory muscle force and work for speech breathing compared to adults, due to smaller airway structures.
Area of Science:
- Speech-language pathology
- Respiratory physiology
- Pediatric audiology
Background:
- Understanding the developmental trajectory of speech breathing is crucial for identifying potential voice and speech disorders.
- Previous research has focused on adult speech breathing, with limited data on pediatric populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate developmental changes in subglottal air pressure, laryngeal airflow, and airway resistance during speech tasks in children and adults.
- To hypothesize corresponding changes in respiratory function and muscle force utilization across the lifespan.
Main Methods:
- Collected estimates of subglottal air pressure, laryngeal airflow, and laryngeal airway resistance during syllable repetitions in preschool children and adults.
- Integrated pressure data with published information on expiratory air volume and respiratory system recoil pressures.
Main Results:
- A trend of decreasing pressure and resistance with increasing airflow was observed from preschool age through adulthood.
- Smaller laryngeal airway structures and greater expiratory muscle forces in younger subjects may explain these patterns.
- Derived hypothetical functions for respiratory muscle forces and the work of speech breathing.
Conclusions:
- Preschool children exhibit a developmental shift towards using net expiratory muscle force for speech, unlike adults who use combined inspiratory and expiratory muscle forces.
- The work of speech breathing is notably higher in preschool children compared to older children and adults.