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Mechanical stress in phonation

I R Titze1

  • 1Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, National Center for Voice and Speech, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242.

Journal of Voice : Official Journal of the Voice Foundation
|June 1, 1994
PubMed
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Mechanical stress during phonation involves tensile, contractile, and aerodynamic forces. Tensile stress is highest, but impact and acceleration cause the most vocal fold tissue damage due to perpendicular forces.

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Vocal Fold Physiology
  • Laryngeal Mechanics

Background:

  • Phonation inherently involves mechanical stress on vocal fold tissues.
  • Understanding these stresses is crucial for diagnosing and treating voice disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify and compare the different types of mechanical stresses experienced during phonation.
  • To identify which stresses are most likely to cause vocal fold tissue damage.

Main Methods:

  • Order of magnitude calculations were used to estimate stress levels.
  • Comparison of tensile, shear, impact, contractile, inertial, and aerodynamic stresses.
  • Analysis of stress-induced tissue damage mechanisms.

Main Results:

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  • Tensile stress reached the highest magnitude (approx. 1.0 MPa).
  • Contractile stress was significant (approx. 100 kPa), followed by inertial and impact stresses.
  • Aerodynamic stress was the lowest (1-10 kPa).
  • Despite lower magnitudes, impact and acceleration-induced stresses caused the greatest tissue damage.

Conclusions:

  • Tensile stress is the dominant force during phonation.
  • Tissue damage is primarily linked to impact and acceleration forces, not the highest stress magnitudes.
  • The perpendicular application of impact/acceleration forces to mucosal tissue is key to damage.