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Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea: epidemiological data from Western Australia
T V Riley1, G L O'Neill, R A Bowman
1Health Services Statistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Department of Western Australia, East Perth.
Epidemiology and Infection
|August 1, 1994
Summary
Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (CDAD) incidence increased significantly from 1983-1990, primarily affecting elderly females. Stool culture proved more sensitive than cytotoxin detection for diagnosing CDAD.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Hospital Epidemiology
- Microbiology
Background:
- Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (CDAD) is a significant healthcare-associated infection.
- Understanding incidence trends and risk factors is crucial for effective infection control.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the incidence, demographics, and potential influencing factors of CDAD.
- To compare the diagnostic sensitivity of stool culture versus cytotoxin detection for C. difficile.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of CDAD cases at a teaching hospital from 1983-1992.
- Laboratory diagnosis using stool culture and/or cytotoxin detection.
- Analysis of patient age, sex, seasonal trends, and environmental factors.
Main Results:
- A significant increasing trend in CDAD incidence was observed from 1983 to 1990.
- The majority of affected patients were elderly (≥60 years) and female.
- Stool culture identified C. difficile in 60% of cases where cytotoxin was not detected, indicating higher sensitivity.
Conclusions:
- CDAD incidence rose notably during the study period, particularly in elderly females.
- Stool culture is a more sensitive diagnostic method for C. difficile than cytotoxin detection.
- Further investigation into infection control, environmental contamination, and antibiotic use is warranted.