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Transitions: a central concept in nursing

K L Schumacher¹, A I Meleis

¹University of California, San Francisco.

Image--The Journal of Nursing Scholarship

|January 1, 1994

Summary

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This review synthesizes nursing literature on transitions, highlighting their centrality in nursing practice. It identifies universal properties, influencing factors, and indicators of successful transitions for individuals, families, and organizations.

Area of Science:

Nursing Science
Health Theory
Qualitative Research

Background:

Transitions are a core concept in nursing research, practice, and theory.
Previous theoretical work on transitions requires empirical support from nursing literature.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and synthesize the nursing literature on transitions from 1986-1992.
To provide evidence supporting the centrality of transitions in nursing.
To describe a framework for future research on transitions.

Main Methods:

Systematic review and synthesis of nursing literature published between 1986 and 1992.
Analysis of studies focusing on the concept of transition within nursing.

Main Results:

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Transitions are central to nursing, characterized by process, direction, and change in life patterns.
Individual and family transitions involve changes in identity, roles, relationships, abilities, and behaviors.
Organizational transitions involve changes in structure, function, or dynamics.
Factors influencing transition quality include meaning, expectations, knowledge, environment, planning, and well-being.
Successful transitions are indicated by subjective well-being, role mastery, and relationship well-being.

Conclusions:

Transitions are a fundamental and pervasive concept in nursing.
A comprehensive understanding of transitions requires considering individual, family, and organizational levels.
Nursing therapeutics can be applied to facilitate successful transitions, and a framework for future research is proposed.