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Fluoride supplements: current effectiveness, side effects, and recommendations

A I Ismail1

  • 1Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.

Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology
|June 1, 1994
PubMed
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Fluoride supplements show efficacy in preventing cavities but have weaker evidence for effectiveness. They are a risk factor for dental fluorosis, but less so than other fluoride sources.

Area of Science:

  • Dental Public Health
  • Pediatric Dentistry
  • Preventive Dentistry

Background:

  • Fluoride supplements are commonly used for caries prevention in children.
  • The optimal use and necessity of fluoride supplements are debated, especially with increased fluoride availability from other sources.
  • Concerns exist regarding the risk of dental fluorosis associated with fluoride supplement use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review the literature on the effectiveness of fluoride supplements for caries prevention.
  • To assess the role of fluoride supplements as a risk factor for dental fluorosis.
  • To re-evaluate the current recommendations for fluoride supplement use.

Main Methods:

  • A critical literature review was performed.

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  • Studies investigating the effectiveness and side effects of fluoride supplements were analyzed.
  • Data on participant adherence and prevalence of dental fluorosis were examined.

    • Main Results:

    • Scientific evidence supports the efficacy of fluoride supplements in caries prevention, but effectiveness data are weaker.
    • Fluoride supplements are a risk factor for dental fluorosis, contributing less than water fluoridation or fluoridated dentifrices.
    • Inappropriate use of fluoride supplements was noted, particularly in fluoridated areas.
    • Participant adherence to daily fluoride supplement regimens was often poor.

    Conclusions:

    • A re-evaluation of the need for and dosage of fluoride supplements is warranted.
    • Total fluoride intake from all sources should be considered when recommending supplements.
    • The role of fluoride supplements in modern caries prevention strategies requires reassessment.