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Cephalometric norms for craniofacial asymmetry using submental-vertical radiographs
T G Arnold1, G C Anderson, W F Liljemark
1Department of Preventive Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
Summary
Submental-vertical radiography reveals that craniofacial asymmetry is common in adults. This study establishes asymmetry standards using this technique, aiding orthodontic diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Dentistry
- Orthodontics
- Radiology
Background:
- The submental-vertical (S-V) radiograph is increasingly used for craniofacial asymmetry assessment due to its reliable midline reference structures.
- However, established standards for quantifying asymmetry using the S-V projection are lacking.
Purpose of the Study:
- To establish asymmetry standards for craniofacial structures using the submental-vertical radiograph.
- To present a refined system for analyzing asymmetry that is clinically feasible for orthodontists.
Main Methods:
- Submental-vertical radiographs were taken from 44 adult subjects without prior orthodontic treatment or temporomandibular joint symptoms.
- Asymmetry analysis, based on the Ritucci and Burstone system, was applied to cranial base, zygomaxillary complex, and mandibular structures using 23 landmark pairs.
Main Results:
- The study found that some degree of asymmetry exists in all analyzed landmarks and patients.
- Strong associations between asymmetric landmarks within patients were observed, particularly between geometrically or regionally related points.
- A refined analysis system with clinically relevant points was developed.
Conclusions:
- Craniofacial asymmetry is a prevalent finding in the adult population as assessed by S-V radiography.
- The developed standards and refined analysis system offer a more feasible approach for orthodontic clinicians to evaluate asymmetry.
- Further research may refine these standards for broader clinical application.