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Fertility studies with antisperm antibodies

S G Wei1, L F Wang, S Y Miao

  • 1Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing.

Archives of Andrology
|May 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Antibodies targeting the BS-17 sperm protein disrupt fertilization in vitro and in vivo. This suggests anti-BS-17 antibodies may cause infertility by impairing sperm capacitation or egg fertilization.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive immunology
  • Sperm biology
  • Infertility research

Background:

  • Infertility affects a significant portion of the population, with immunological factors being a potential cause.
  • Human sperm possess unique glycoproteins involved in fertilization, such as the BS-17 component.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the BS-17 sperm glycoprotein in fertilization.
  • To determine if antibodies against BS-17 contribute to infertility.

Main Methods:

  • Generated polyclonal antibodies against the human sperm BS-17 antigen.
  • Assessed the effect of these antibodies on human sperm fertilization of zona-free hamster ova in vitro.
  • Evaluated the impact of antibodies on mouse sperm fertilization in vivo.
  • Detected the presence of BS-17 antigen in mammalian sperm using immunocytochemistry.

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Main Results:

  • Antibodies against BS-17 blocked human sperm fertilization of zona-free ova in vitro.
  • Antibodies did not affect sperm-oocyte binding or sperm motility.
  • In vivo insemination showed antibodies inhibited mouse sperm fertilization.
  • BS-17 antigen was localized to the acrosomal region of mammalian sperm.

Conclusions:

  • Anti-BS-17 antibodies interfere with sperm function, specifically capacitation and/or the acrosome reaction necessary for fertilization.
  • The BS-17 antigen is conserved across mammalian species, suggesting a critical role in reproduction.
  • These findings indicate that anti-BS-17 antibodies are a potential cause of infertility.