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Upper-extremity deep venous thrombosis: analysis of 52 cases
E Burihan1, L F de Figueiredo, J Francisco Júnior
1Departamento de Cirurgia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil.
Cardiovascular Surgery (London, England)
|February 1, 1993
Summary
This review of upper extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) found central venous catheterization and cancer-related compression as primary causes. Most patients received anticoagulation, with a 4% pulmonary embolism incidence and varied recovery outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Vascular Medicine
- Hematology
- Diagnostic Imaging
Background:
- Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the upper extremity is less common than lower extremity DVT but can lead to significant morbidity.
- Understanding predisposing factors and clinical course is crucial for effective management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, treatment, complications, and outcomes of upper extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT).
Main Methods:
- A retrospective review of 52 cases of upper extremity DVT.
- Clinical diagnosis confirmed by bilateral phlebography and superior cavography.
- Analysis of patient demographics, risk factors, treatment regimens, and follow-up data.
Main Results:
- The mean age of patients was 45.4 years, with 67% being male.
- Common manifestations included edema (98%) and dilated collateral circulation (71%).
- Predisposing factors were central venous catheterization (29%) and extrinsic compression (29%).
- The right axillosubclavian segment was most frequently involved (44%).
- Pulmonary embolism occurred in 4% of patients.
- At 6-month follow-up, 40% were symptom-free, while 21% had minimal edema.
Conclusions:
- Central venous catheterization and extrinsic compression are significant risk factors for upper extremity DVT.
- Anticoagulation is the primary treatment, with a low incidence of pulmonary embolism.
- Outcomes vary, with a substantial proportion experiencing residual edema.