Increased expression of transforming growth factor-beta in renal disease

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a multifunctional cytokine and a major regulator of tissue repair and extracellular matrix. Recent studies show that TGF-beta overexpression in experimental and human kidney diseases leads to progressive glomerular and tubulointerstitial scarring and renal failure. New evidence suggests that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and a low-protein diet may slow the progression of chronic kidney diseases in part by suppressing TGF-beta overexpression. New therapies may prevent progressive fibrosis in chronic kidney disease by suppressing the action of TGF-beta.