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Nephrolithiasis in children
S S Yadav1, K K Sharma, M K Chhabra
1Department of Urology, S.M.S. College and Hospital, Jaipur.
Insights
This study analyzed 100 pediatric nephrolithiasis cases, finding abdominal pain and urinary tract infections common. Struvite calculi and idiopathic hypercalciuria were significant factors in pediatric kidney stone disease.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nephrology
- Urology
- Pediatric Surgery
Background:
- Nephrolithiasis, or kidney stones, affects children, with varied presentations and underlying causes.
- Understanding pediatric kidney stone demographics and risk factors is crucial for effective management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report findings from a cohort of 100 pediatric nephrolithiasis cases.
- To identify common presenting symptoms, associated conditions, and stone compositions in children.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 100 pediatric patients (3-15 years) with nephrolithiasis.
- Data collection included clinical presentation, imaging, stone analysis, and surgical outcomes.
Main Results:
- Abdominal pain (69%) and burning micturition (23%) were prevalent symptoms.
- Proteus mirabilis infection (23%) and idiopathic hypercalciuria (31%) were common contributing factors.
- Struvite calculi were present in 24 cases; 16 patients had urinary tract malformations.
Conclusions:
- Pediatric nephrolithiasis presents with diverse symptoms and etiologies, including infection and metabolic disorders.
- Surgical intervention for pediatric kidney stones requires careful monitoring for residual calculi and recurrence.
Abstract:
A study of 100 cases of nephrolithiasis between 3 to 15 years of age is reported. Seventy four cases were more than 10 years old. The common presenting symptoms included abdominal pain (69%), burning micturition (23%), gross hematuria (4%) and unexplained pyrexia (6%). Associated urinary tract malformations were found in 16 cases. Twenty four had struvite calculi. Urinary infection with Proteus mirabilis was found in 23 children and idiopathic hypercalciuria in 31 cases. Following surgical removal, either percutaneously or by open surgery, 8 patients had residual calculi and in 6 cases recurrence occurred.