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Complex alteration of thyroid function in healthy centenarians

S Mariotti1, G Barbesino, P Caturegli

  • 1Istituto di Endocrinologia, University of Pisa, Italy.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
|November 1, 1993
PubMed
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Thyroid function remains stable in healthy elderly individuals, but extreme aging is associated with reduced free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) also decreases with age.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Gerontology
  • Thyroid Research

Background:

  • Changes in thyroid function in the elderly are often attributed to illness, with limited data on physiological aging.
  • Understanding thyroid function in extreme aging is crucial for distinguishing age-related changes from disease.
  • Previous studies suggest low thyroid autoantibody prevalence in centenarians.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate thyroid function during physiological aging in healthy centenarians and elderly individuals.
  • To compare thyroid hormone levels (free T4, free T3, TSH, rT3) across different age groups and with nonthyroidal illness patients.

Main Methods:

  • Study included healthy centenarians (100-110 yr), healthy elderly (65-80 yr), healthy adults (20-64 yr), and patients with nonthyroidal illness.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Serum levels of free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) were measured.
  • Statistical analysis compared median levels and correlations with age.

    • Main Results:

    • No significant difference in serum FT4 levels was found between healthy adults, elderly, and centenarians.
    • Serum FT3 levels were significantly lower in centenarians compared to younger groups and patients with nonthyroidal illness.
    • Serum TSH levels were lower in centenarians and the elderly compared to healthy adults, with an inverse correlation to age.

    Conclusions:

    • Thyroid function is generally preserved in healthy individuals up to the eighth decade of life.
    • Extreme aging (centenarians) is characterized by a significant reduction in serum FT3 levels.
    • Age-related decrease in TSH and FT3 suggests physiological adaptations in thyroid hormone regulation in advanced age.