Host defenses against respiratory infection

The respiratory tract is protected from infection by its formidable mechanical and cellular defenses, supplemented when necessary by inflammatory and immune responses. Impairments in these defenses develop as a result of underlying disease and therapeutic interventions. Specific defects in host defenses often predispose to infection with particular etiologic agents. New opportunities for the therapeutic augmentation of defenses are emerging that may be particularly helpful in the care of immunocompromised patients.