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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction
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Radiographic imaging studies in pediatric chronic sinusitis

D P Garcia1, M L Corbett, S M Eberly

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|September 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Radiographs are acceptable for initial pediatric chronic sinusitis evaluation, but computed tomographic (CT) scans offer superior diagnostic performance. CT scans better identify disease severity and extent in pediatric patients with chronic upper respiratory symptoms.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Otolaryngology
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Chronic sinusitis diagnosis relies on radiographic evidence of sinus disease.
  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management of pediatric chronic sinusitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the diagnostic performance of radiographs versus computed tomographic (CT) scans for paranasal sinus evaluation in children with chronic upper respiratory symptoms.
  • To compare the sensitivity and specificity of different imaging modalities in detecting chronic sinusitis in pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

  • A study involving 91 pediatric patients (ages 2-17) with chronic upper respiratory symptoms for at least 3 months.
  • Evaluation of paranasal sinuses using both conventional radiographs and CT scans, with CT findings categorized by disease severity.
  • Comparison of radiographic findings with CT scan results for accuracy in diagnosing chronic sinusitis.

Main Results:

  • 63% of patients had chronic sinusitis, with CT scans revealing varying degrees of severity (minimal to severe).
  • Radiographs demonstrated limited ability to detect minimal disease and showed variable sensitivity for clinically significant sinusitis across different sinuses.
  • CT scans, including limited views, showed high detection rates for sinusitis in all paranasal sinuses, with overall agreement of 88% between limited and full CT evaluations.

Conclusions:

  • A single Waters view radiograph is acceptable for initial evaluation of pediatric chronic sinusitis.
  • Limited computed tomographic (CT) scans represent a superior alternative to radiographs for diagnosing pediatric chronic sinusitis due to higher accuracy and detail.