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Oxygen carriers and transfusion medicine
1Dept of Transfusion Medicine, Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Summary
The US faces increasing demand for red blood cell (RBC) transfusions, with allogeneic blood posing risks and autologous options insufficient. Safe, effective oxygen carriers are needed to address supply challenges.
Area of Science:
- Transfusion Medicine
- Hematology
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- US blood supply and transfusion volumes are increasing, driven by an aging population and advanced therapies.
- Autologous blood collection has grown but remains a minor source (<8%) of transfusions.
- Allogeneic transfusions, while safer, still carry infectious disease and immunologic risks, leading to potential underutilization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the growing demand for blood transfusions.
- To underscore the limitations and risks associated with allogeneic blood transfusions.
- To advocate for the development of alternative oxygen carriers.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of US blood supply and transfusion data.
- Review of infectious disease transmission rates for allogeneic blood.
- Examination of autologous blood contribution to transfusion needs.
- Discussion of risks and costs associated with allogeneic red blood cells (RBCs).
Main Results:
- Annual red blood cell (RBC) transfusions exceed 12 million units in the US.
- Allogeneic blood carries risks including HIV (1:225,000) and hepatitis (1:3300).
- The cost of RBCs and processing adds significant expense, alongside safety concerns.
Conclusions:
- The increasing demand and inherent risks of allogeneic blood necessitate exploration of alternatives.
- Narrowing supply-demand margins and regional shortages emphasize the need for innovative solutions.
- Safe and effective oxygen carriers are crucial for future transfusion medicine.