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Hemodilution and blood substitutes

M Intaglietta¹

¹Department of AMES-Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0412.

Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and Immobilization Biotechnology

|January 1, 1994

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Hemodilution, the replacement of blood with surrogates, alters blood viscosity and oxygen delivery. These changes impact circulation and oxygen transport, offering insights into blood substitute efficacy.

Area of Science:

Physiology
Biomedical Engineering
Hematology

Background:

Blood substitution with surrogates causes hemodilution, altering physiological parameters.
Understanding hemodilution is crucial for evaluating blood substitutes.
Isovolemic and isoosmotic conditions reveal key hemodilution effects.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the systemic and microvascular consequences of hemodilution.
To establish a physiological reference for blood substitute comparison.
To investigate the impact of hemodilution on blood viscosity and oxygen carrying capacity.

Main Methods:

Simulating hemodilution under controlled isovolemic and isoosmotic conditions.
Measuring changes in blood viscosity, pressure gradients, and flow velocity.

Related Experiment Videos

Assessing oxygen delivery, capillary density, and leukocyte adhesion.

Main Results:

Decreased blood viscosity improved circulatory dynamics and blood flow velocity.
Oxygen delivery was maintained up to a one-third reduction in hematocrit.
Increased flow velocity counteracted oxygen diffusion losses and reduced leukocyte adhesion.
Dextran 70 maintained functional capillary density up to a 50% hematocrit decrease.
Alpha-alpha-hemoglobin showed colloid-like effects but with limited exploitation of oxygen capacity.

Conclusions:

Hemodilution significantly alters circulatory and microvascular functions.
Blood substitutes require careful consideration of both oxygen-carrying capacity and colloid-like effects.
Further research is needed to optimize blood substitute performance.