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Thyroid function in healthy and sick neonates

J Y Chen1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical and Dental College Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.

Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi = Chinese Medical Journal; Free China Ed
|July 1, 1994
PubMed
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Sick newborns, including preterm and very low birth weight infants, exhibit lower thyroid hormones (T4, free T4, T3). Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels remain comparable between sick and healthy neonates.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatalogy
  • Endocrinology
  • Pediatric critical care

Background:

  • Critically ill patients often display reduced serum thyroid hormone levels.
  • Low-birth-weight preterm infants show lower serum thyroxine (T4) compared to full-term infants.
  • Differences in thyroid function between sick and healthy term and preterm neonates warrant investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare thyroid function in sick versus healthy term and preterm neonates.
  • To analyze serum concentrations of thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free T4, and triiodothyronine (T3).

Main Methods:

  • Thyroid function tests were performed on 80 neonates (31 critically ill, 49 healthy).
  • Infants were categorized by gestational age: term (≥38 weeks), preterm (32-36 weeks), and very low birth weight (VLBW) (<31 weeks).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Serum T4, TSH, free T4, and T3 levels were measured at 1 and 5 days post-birth.

    • Main Results:

    • Sick neonates across all groups had significantly lower T4 levels (p=0.05).
    • Serum free T4 was significantly lower in sick premature infants compared to healthy ones (p<0.05).
    • Sick VLBW infants showed significantly lower T3 levels on days 1 and 5 (p<0.05).

    Conclusions:

    • Sick neonates commonly present with low serum T4, free T4, and T3 concentrations.
    • Serum TSH levels did not significantly differ between sick and healthy neonates.
    • Thyroid hormone profiles are altered in sick neonates, particularly in preterm and VLBW infants.