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Fibrinogen, D-dimer and thrombin-antithrombin complexes in a random population sample: relationships with other
C Giansante1, N Fiotti, L Cattin
1Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Trieste, Italy.
Insights
This study assessed fibrinogen, D-Dimer, and Thrombin-Antithrombin complexes in 516 individuals. While fibrinogen and D-Dimer showed correlations with age and sex, other cardiovascular risk factors were poor predictors of their levels.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Hematology
Background:
- Fibrinogen is a known cardiovascular disease risk factor.
- D-Dimer and Thrombin-Antithrombin complexes are emerging markers for deep venous thrombosis.
- Understanding normal ranges and correlations is crucial for clinical application.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the normal ranges of fibrinogen, D-Dimer, and Thrombin-Antithrombin complexes.
- To investigate the correlations between these markers and cardiovascular risk factors.
- To assess the predictive value of these markers in a general population.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study of 516 healthy individuals from the National Health Service register.
- Assessed plasma levels of fibrinogen, D-Dimer, and Thrombin-Antithrombin complexes.
- Statistical analysis including correlation and multiple regression.
Main Results:
- Mean fibrinogen: 283 +/- 71 mg/dl; increased with age in males, higher in male smokers, and higher in females than males (non-smokers).
- Mean D-Dimer: 306 +/- 130 ng/ml; significantly higher in females. Fibrinogen and D-Dimer correlation: 0.20 (p < 0.001).
- Mean Thrombin-Antithrombin complexes: 6.25 +/- 6.8 ng/ml; lower in males (p = 0.047). D-Dimer, LDL-C, BMI, and TAT were poor predictors of fibrinogen.
Conclusions:
- Established normal ranges for fibrinogen, D-Dimer, and Thrombin-Antithrombin complexes in the studied population.
- Identified significant correlations with age, sex, and smoking status for fibrinogen and D-Dimer.
- Demonstrated limited predictive power of common cardiovascular risk factors for fibrinogen and D-Dimer levels.
Abstract:
Fibrinogen is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and both D-Dimer and Thrombin-Antithrombin complexes may be suitable as laboratory markers of deep venous thrombosis and are becoming more widespread in clinical practice. The aim of our study was to evaluate their normal range and to examine their correlation with various cardiovascular risk factors. Fibrinogen, D-Dimer and Thrombin-Antithrombin complexes were assessed in 516 normal subjects randomly selected from the National Health Service register of Trieste (Italy). In our community the mean value of fibrinogen was 283 +/- 71 mg/dl. Fibrinogen increases with age in males and was significantly higher in male smokers. In non-smokers, females had significantly higher fibrinogen values than males. The mean value of D-Dimer was 306 +/- 130 ng/ml. In females it is significantly higher. The fibrinogen and D-Dimer correlation coefficient was 0.20 (p < 0.001). The mean level of Thrombin-Antithrombin complexes was 6.25 +/- 6.8 ng/ml with a distribution markedly skewed towards the left; males had lower concentration than females (p = 0.047). Multiple regression analysis for fibrinogen as a dependent variable showed that D-Dimer, LDL-cholesterol, Body-Mass Index and Thrombin-Antithrombin complexes were poor predictors for fibrinogen plasma levels (R2 = 0.23) and that fibrinogen, ApoA1 and age can explain only about 10% of the observed variability in D-Dimer.