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Psychostimulants

J R Sanchez-Ramos1

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida.

Neurologic Clinics
|August 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Psychomotor stimulant abuse can lead to dependence and serious health issues, including psychiatric, cardiopulmonary, and neurologic symptoms. Research is exploring new treatments for stimulant dependence due to inadequate current options.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Psychomotor stimulants have inherent reinforcing properties, contributing to dependence and abuse.
  • Historical stimulant abuse epidemics correlate with new drug introductions or administration methods.
  • Stimulant toxicity primarily involves the central and peripheral sympathetic nervous systems (SNS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the common psychiatric, cardiopulmonary, and neurologic complications of psychomotor stimulant abuse.
  • To discuss the relationship between cocaine use and cerebrovascular abnormalities.
  • To highlight the challenges in treating stimulant dependence and the exploration of pharmacotherapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of stimulant abuse, its effects, and complications.

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  • Analysis of emergency room and hospital admission data related to stimulant use.
  • Examination of neurobiological mechanisms and treatment approaches for stimulant dependence.

    • Main Results:

    • Common complications include psychiatric, cardiopulmonary, and neurologic symptoms; neurologic issues like seizures and stroke are less common but significant.
    • Cocaine-associated strokes are frequently linked to underlying cerebrovascular abnormalities.
    • Sudden death, movement disorders, and infections are rare complications of stimulant use.

    Conclusions:

    • Stimulant abuse leads to dependence with limited treatment options, necessitating research into pharmacotherapies.
    • Understanding stimulant toxicity and associated health risks is crucial for public health.
    • Continued exploration of effective treatments for stimulant dependence is warranted.