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Ceftazidime-related nonconvulsive status epilepticus
A D Klion1, J Kallsen, C T Cowl
1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City.
Abstract:
The third-generation cephalosporin, ceftazidime, is widely used for the treatment of serious gram-negative infections. As is true of cephalosporins in general, reported adverse effects have been few. We report a case of ceftazidime-induced status epilepticus in a patient with Pseudomonas aeruginosa meningitis and compare the clinical manifestations of this case with those of two previously described cases of ceftazidime-related encephalopathy. This diagnosis should be entertained and an electroencephalogram should be obtained in all patients with myoclonus and/or altered mental status while they are receiving ceftazidime therapy.
Insights
Ceftazidime, a third-generation cephalosporin, can cause serious neurological adverse effects like status epilepticus. Clinicians should consider ceftazidime-induced encephalopathy in patients with altered mental status or myoclonus during treatment.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Pharmacology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Ceftazidime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic commonly prescribed for severe gram-negative bacterial infections.
- Adverse effects associated with cephalosporins, including ceftazidime, are generally infrequent.
Observation:
- A case of ceftazidime-induced status epilepticus occurred in a patient diagnosed with Pseudomonas aeruginosa meningitis.
- This case was compared with two prior instances of ceftazidime-related encephalopathy.
Findings:
- Ceftazidime can precipitate severe neurological complications, including status epilepticus and encephalopathy.
- Neurological symptoms such as myoclonus and altered mental status may indicate a ceftazidime-induced adverse reaction.
Implications:
- Healthcare providers should maintain a high index of suspicion for ceftazidime-induced neurological toxicity.
- Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a crucial diagnostic tool for evaluating patients presenting with myoclonus or altered mental status during ceftazidime therapy.
- Prompt recognition and management of ceftazidime-induced encephalopathy are essential for patient outcomes.