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Thyroid hormones, the brain, and affective disorders

R T Joffe1, S T Sokolov

  • 1Mood Disorders Program, Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Critical Reviews in Neurobiology
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid disorders are linked to psychiatric symptoms, especially mood disorders. Further research is needed to fully understand thyroid hormone regulation by the brain and their role in affective disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Psychiatry
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Clinical thyroid disorders are frequently linked to psychiatric symptoms.
  • Thyroid hormones play a role in the biological basis of psychiatric disorders, particularly mood disorders.
  • Existing literature documents abnormalities in thyroid function tests in primary major depression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review abnormalities of thyroid hormone levels in primary affective illness.
  • To examine competing hypotheses explaining observed thyroid function abnormalities.
  • To clarify the role of thyroid hormones in the pathophysiology of affective disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on thyroid function tests in primary affective illness.
  • Analysis of competing hypotheses regarding thyroid hormone dysregulation in depression.
  • Synthesis of current understanding and identification of research gaps.

Main Results:

  • Various abnormalities in thyroid hormone levels have been reported in primary affective illness.
  • Competing hypotheses exist to explain these thyroid function abnormalities, but neither fully elucidates the role of thyroid hormones in depressive illness.
  • The precise regulation of thyroid hormones by the mature brain and their exact role in affective illness require further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid hormone abnormalities are associated with affective disorders.
  • Current models do not fully explain the thyroid hormone-depression link.
  • Additional research is essential to clarify thyroid hormone regulation and their role in the biological basis of affective illness.

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